Authors/creators are strongly encouraged to make their work comply with accessibility standards.

• When using images, either describe the image within the surrounding text, or use alt text. Read: How to Write Great alt Text—And why it Matters.

• If an image is purely decorative and not necessary for comprehending the information, use " " in the alt text to let screen readers know they can skip the image.

• Use contrasting colors rather than red/blue/green which all looks the same in black and white.

• 12 point font should be used for most documents

• 9 point font size is good for footnotes

• Text should be able to be zoomed up to 200% on a website.

• Make sure your text is in a logical reading order and don't skip heading levels (i.e. if your document/web page has Heading 4 it should also have Heading 1, Heading 2, and Heading 3). Screen readers skip from heading to heading in order.

 Pop Quiz: Which link is more accessible?

1. Click here for more information about OERs.

2. Find out more information about OERs at https://libguides.smith.edu/oe

3. More information about OERs is available online.

             The correct answer is #3

With gratitude for materials reused and adapted in this section of guide from  "Q&A webinar: Accessible OER and Inclusive Assistive Technology" by Dianne Chambers University of Notre Dame Australia hosted by Creative Commons.

• PAVE: Four steps to an accessible PDF. You can use PAVE to make your PDF documents accessible and to interpret conventional reader programs correctly. 
• W3 an alt decision tree: This decision tree describes how to use the alt attribute of the <img> element in various situations. For some types of images, there are alternative approaches, such as using CSS background images for decorative images or web fonts instead of images of text.
• DigitalA11Y: A curated list of open source Website accessibility Evaluation tools that will enable automation of web accessibility testing more affordable & easier.
• Paper to html: Paper to HTML is an experimental prototype that aims to render scientific papers in HTML so they can be more easily read by screen readers or on mobile devices
• WebAim: WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool: Paste a URL to see how accessible the website is, based on WebAim's ratings.
• Evaluating Web Accessibility Overview: When developing or redesigning a website or web application, evaluate accessibility early and throughout the development process to identify accessibility problems early, when it is easier to address them.
• Web AIM Contrast and Color Accessibility: Complete guide to all things color and contrast.
• Color and Contrast: Very well done site for use, edification, or pure fancy and interest. A comprehensive guide for exploring and learning about the theory, science, and perception of color and contrast.
• Caption This: Creating Efficiency in Audiovisual Accessibility Using Automatic Speech Recognition Toolkit
• Accessibility Data Primer: A data curation primer focused on best practices to make your data accessible. See the complete list of primers at the Data Curation Network.

The accessibility of OER is an important factor to consider, especially in light of the online nature of most OER. Information about creating and evaluating the accessibility of OER is listed below:

• Open ALG: OER Accessibility Series and Rubric: An excellent resource. Described as "guides feature practical, step-by-step ways to make open content in the most common authoring programs accessible," and that is an accurate description. Includes document design, powerpoint design, captioning and transcripts, alternative text guides with a workshop in Video, slides, or text. Impressive.
• OER Accessibility Toolkit

  The goal of the Accessibility Toolkit is to provide the resources needed so that each content creator, instructional designer, educational technologist, librarian, administrator, teaching assistant, etc. has the opportunity to create a truly open and accessible textbook.

• The Web Accessibility Initiative

  This page from the Web Accessibility Initiative provides information about creating and hosting accessible content online.

• BCcampus Open Education Accessibility Toolkit, 2nd ed.

  An overview of accessibility concerns and best practices to use when creating accessible OER. This toolkit also has an Accessibility Checklist for evaluating OER (in Appendix A).

• Accessibility of Online Content

  Tutorials, tools, and best practices for making online course content accessible, compiled by Portland Community College. Addresses how to make accessible resources in MS Office, PDF, and Google Docs.

• Accessibility, Diversity, and Inclusion

  A chapter in the BCcampus Open Education Self-Publishing Guide.

• DEIA in OER Rubric

• FLOE Inclusive Learning Design Handbook

• Accessible Open Educational Resources (OER): briefing paper: "Some aspects of OER content may be inclusive of a wide variety of perspectives and cater for some people with disability, however, there are a number of areas which need to be addressed to ensure that all potential users have access to the OER"

• Accessibility resources at Smith 

  Read Smith's accessibility policy and find other resources.

Fundamentals of OER include DEIA goals and guiding principles. DEIA principles are baked into the philosophical movement of Open Access and Open Educational Resources and need to be confirmed and strengthened as we move forward.

Leveraging Open Educational Resources to Advance DEI: A guide for Campus Change Agents:

"[We support] the connection between OER and DEI through professional development that engages participants in topics such as accessibility assessment of instructional materials; localization and diversification of course content; involvement of students in content development and evaluation (i.e., open pedagogy); curriculum assessment for bias, inclusivity, and relevance to students; and implementation of culturally responsive pedagogy. These are topics at the core of both OER and DEI since both initiatives aim to create more equitable and inclusive learning experiences, deepen student learning, and close equity gaps for students from groups that are underserved by higher education. Campus units, such as centers for teaching and learning, that already have recognized training schedules and programs are key partners in this work.

Examples of tools used in professional development training in this domain include:

• The Peralta Online Equity Rubric (Peralta Community College District, 2020)

• DOERS3 Equity Through OER Rubric (DOERS3, 2021a)

• ISKME Identifying Bias Tool (ISKME, 2021b)

• ISKME STEM Accessibility Framework and Guide (ISKME, 2021a)

• OpenStax Guidelines for Improving Representation and Diversity in OER Materials (OpenStax, 2019)

• Culturally Responsive Curriculum Scorecard (NYU Metro Center, 2019)"

From pp 16-17 of Leveraging Open Educational Resources to Advance DEI: A guide for Campus Change Agents, by C. Edward Watson, Lisa Petrifies, Anastasia Karaglani, Selena Burns, and Judith Sebesta, licensed under CC BY NC SA

Making Ripples: A Guidebook to Challenge Status Quo in OER Creation: a short resource designed to expand your understanding of inequities in the educational systems through breaking down the work into smaller pieces with opportunities for you to reflect, identify strategies for action, and locate resources and community members to connect with. The purpose of this guide is to explore strategies for you as OER creators to incorporate equitable practices into your workflows.